{"kind": "product", "path": "vulns/pypi/pyspark", "name": "pyspark", "product": "pyspark", "ecosystem": "PyPI", "items": [{"id": "CVE-2026-32773", "noindex": false, "published": "2026-09-02T10:51:17.197Z", "modified": "2026-09-02T12:43:56.359Z", "cvss": 6.1, "cvss_vector": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N", "severity": "medium", "epss": 0.00414, "kev": false, "exploits": [], "stacks": [{"name": "python", "path": "vulns/stack/python", "slug": "python"}], "path": "vulns/cve-2026-32773", "title": "Apache Spark: XSS Vulnerability in Spark Web 3.5.4", "description": "There is a lack of XSS escaping in the Spark History Server prior to 3.5.8 which allows a malicious Spark job to generate arbitrary unescaped frontend code which could lead to a minimal privilege escalation in browser. Users are encouraged to upgrade to Spark 3.5.8 or later.\n\nThis CVE is marked as \"low\" since the path to exploit requires both relatively high permissions (ability to launch a Spark job) and requires tricking a user with higher permissions to log in and visit the Spark history web page.\n\nUsers are encouraged to upgrade their Spark history servers to Spark 3.5.8 or later.", "references": ["https://lists.apache.org/thread/k36prh3oxl1z6ov7w8rpmfnt07hmzw3v", "http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2026/09/01/4", "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-32773"], "fixes": ["3.5.8"], "products": [{"name": "pyspark", "path": "vulns/pypi/pyspark", "ecosystem": "PyPI"}]}, {"id": "CVE-2025-55039", "noindex": false, "published": "2025-10-15T07:19:25.493Z", "modified": "2025-11-04T21:13:00.940Z", "cvss": 6.5, "cvss_vector": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:N", "severity": "medium", "epss": 0.00205, "kev": false, "exploits": [], "stacks": [{"name": "python", "path": "vulns/stack/python", "slug": "python"}], "path": "vulns/cve-2025-55039", "title": "Apache Spark, Apache Spark: RPC encryption defaults to unauthenticated AES-CTR mode, enabling man-in-the-middle ciphertext modification attacks", "description": "This issue affects Apache Spark versions before  3.4.4, 3.5.2 and 4.0.0.\n\n\n\nApache Spark versions before 4.0.0, 3.5.2 and 3.4.4 use an insecure default network encryption cipher for RPC communication between nodes.\n\nWhen spark.network.crypto.enabled is set to true (it is set to false by default), but spark.network.crypto.cipher is not explicitly configured, Spark defaults to AES in CTR mode (AES/CTR/NoPadding), which provides encryption without authentication.\n\nThis vulnerability allows a man-in-the-middle attacker to modify encrypted RPC traffic undetected by flipping bits in ciphertext, potentially compromising heartbeat messages or applica", "references": ["https://lists.apache.org/thread/zrgyy9l85nm2c7vk36vr7bkyorg3w4qq", "http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2025/10/14/11", "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-55039"], "fixes": ["3.4.4", "3.5.2"], "products": [{"name": "pyspark", "path": "vulns/pypi/pyspark", "ecosystem": "PyPI"}, {"name": "pyspark", "path": "vulns/pypi/pyspark", "ecosystem": "PyPI"}, {"name": "pyspark", "path": "vulns/pypi/pyspark", "ecosystem": "PyPI"}]}, {"id": "CVE-2023-32007", "noindex": false, "published": "2023-05-02T08:37:22.118Z", "modified": "2025-02-13T16:50:19.521Z", "cvss": 8.8, "cvss_vector": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H", "severity": "high", "epss": 0.75955, "kev": false, "exploits": [], "stacks": [{"name": "python", "path": "vulns/stack/python", "slug": "python"}], "path": "vulns/cve-2023-32007", "title": "Apache Spark: Shell command injection via Spark UI", "description": "** UNSUPPORTED WHEN ASSIGNED ** The Apache Spark UI offers the possibility to enable ACLs via the configuration option spark.acls.enable. With an authentication filter, this checks whether a user has access permissions to view or modify the application. If ACLs are enabled, a code path in HttpSecurityFilter can allow someone to perform impersonation by providing an arbitrary user name. A malicious user might then be able to reach a permission check function that will ultimately build a Unix shell command based on their input, and execute it. This will result in arbitrary shell command execution as the user Spark is currently running as. This ", "references": ["https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2022-33891", "https://spark.apache.org/security.html", "https://lists.apache.org/thread/poxgnxhhnzz735kr1wos366l5vdbb0nv"], "fixes": ["3.2.2"], "products": [{"name": "pyspark", "path": "vulns/pypi/pyspark", "ecosystem": "PyPI"}, {"name": "pyspark", "path": "vulns/pypi/pyspark", "ecosystem": "PyPI"}]}, {"id": "CVE-2023-22946", "noindex": false, "published": "2023-04-17T07:30:19.865Z", "modified": "2024-10-21T15:06:58.145Z", "cvss": 6.4, "cvss_vector": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N", "severity": "medium", "epss": 0.01109, "kev": false, "exploits": [], "stacks": [{"name": "python", "path": "vulns/stack/python", "slug": "python"}], "path": "vulns/cve-2023-22946", "title": "Apache Spark proxy-user privilege escalation from malicious configuration class", "description": "In Apache Spark versions prior to 3.4.0, applications using spark-submit can specify a 'proxy-user' to run as, limiting privileges. The application can execute code with the privileges of the submitting user, however, by providing malicious configuration-related classes on the classpath. This affects architectures relying on proxy-user, for example those using Apache Livy to manage submitted applications.\n\nUpdate to Apache Spark 3.4.0 or later, and ensure that \nspark.submit.proxyUser.allowCustomClasspathInClusterMode is set to its \ndefault of \"false\", and is not overridden by submitted applications.\n\n\n", "references": ["https://lists.apache.org/thread/yllfl25xh5tbotjmg93zrq4bzwhqc0gv", "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-22946"], "fixes": ["3.3.2", "3.4.0"], "products": [{"name": "pyspark", "path": "vulns/pypi/pyspark", "ecosystem": "PyPI"}, {"name": "pyspark", "path": "vulns/pypi/pyspark", "ecosystem": "PyPI"}]}, {"id": "CVE-2022-31777", "noindex": false, "published": "2022-11-01T00:00:00.000Z", "modified": "2025-05-06T03:36:31.908Z", "cvss": 5.4, "cvss_vector": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N", "severity": "medium", "epss": 0.0182, "kev": false, "exploits": [], "stacks": [{"name": "python", "path": "vulns/stack/python", "slug": "python"}], "path": "vulns/cve-2022-31777", "title": "Apache Spark XSS vulnerability in log viewer UI Javascript", "description": "A stored cross-site scripting (XSS) vulnerability in Apache Spark 3.2.1 and earlier, and 3.3.0, allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary JavaScript in the web browser of a user, by including a malicious payload into the logs which would be returned in logs rendered in the UI.", "references": ["https://lists.apache.org/thread/60mgbswq2lsmrxykfxpqq13ztkm2ht6q", "http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2022/11/01/14", "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-31777"], "fixes": ["3.2.2", "3.3.1"], "products": [{"name": "pyspark", "path": "vulns/pypi/pyspark", "ecosystem": "PyPI"}, {"name": "pyspark", "path": "vulns/pypi/pyspark", "ecosystem": "PyPI"}]}, {"id": "CVE-2022-33891", "noindex": false, "published": "2022-07-18T00:00:00.000Z", "modified": "2025-10-21T23:15:38.160Z", "cvss": 8.8, "cvss_vector": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H", "severity": "high", "epss": 0.93244, "kev": true, "exploits": ["metasploit", "nuclei"], "stacks": [{"name": "python", "path": "vulns/stack/python", "slug": "python"}], "path": "vulns/cve-2022-33891", "title": "Apache Spark shell command injection vulnerability via Spark UI", "description": "The Apache Spark UI offers the possibility to enable ACLs via the configuration option spark.acls.enable. With an authentication filter, this checks whether a user has access permissions to view or modify the application. If ACLs are enabled, a code path in HttpSecurityFilter can allow someone to perform impersonation by providing an arbitrary user name. A malicious user might then be able to reach a permission check function that will ultimately build a Unix shell command based on their input, and execute it. This will result in arbitrary shell command execution as the user Spark is currently running as. This affects Apache Spark versions 3.", "references": ["https://lists.apache.org/thread/p847l3kopoo5bjtmxrcwk21xp6tjxqlc", "http://packetstormsecurity.com/files/168309/Apache-Spark-Unauthenticated-Command-Injection.html", "http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2023/05/02/1"], "fixes": ["3.1.3", "3.2.2"], "products": [{"name": "pyspark", "path": "vulns/pypi/pyspark", "ecosystem": "PyPI"}, {"name": "pyspark", "path": "vulns/pypi/pyspark", "ecosystem": "PyPI"}, {"name": "pyspark", "path": "vulns/pypi/pyspark", "ecosystem": "PyPI"}]}, {"id": "CVE-2021-38296", "noindex": false, "published": "2022-03-10T08:20:12.000Z", "modified": "2024-08-04T01:37:16.315Z", "cvss": 8.7, "cvss_vector": "", "severity": "high", "epss": 0.01845, "kev": false, "exploits": [], "stacks": [{"name": "python", "path": "vulns/stack/python", "slug": "python"}], "path": "vulns/cve-2021-38296", "title": "Apache Spark Key Negotiation Vulnerability", "description": "Apache Spark supports end-to-end encryption of RPC connections via \"spark.authenticate\" and \"spark.network.crypto.enabled\". In versions 3.1.2 and earlier, it uses a bespoke mutual authentication protocol that allows for full encryption key recovery. After an initial interactive attack, this would allow someone to decrypt plaintext traffic offline. Note that this does not affect security mechanisms controlled by \"spark.authenticate.enableSaslEncryption\", \"spark.io.encryption.enabled\", \"spark.ssl\", \"spark.ui.strictTransportSecurity\". Update to Apache Spark 3.1.3 or later", "references": ["https://lists.apache.org/thread/70x8fw2gx3g9ty7yk0f2f1dlpqml2smd", "https://www.oracle.com/security-alerts/cpujul2022.html", "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-38296"], "fixes": ["3.1.3"], "products": [{"name": "pyspark", "path": "vulns/pypi/pyspark", "ecosystem": "PyPI"}]}, {"id": "CVE-2020-9480", "noindex": false, "published": "2020-06-23T21:50:51.000Z", "modified": "2024-08-04T10:26:16.324Z", "cvss": 9.8, "cvss_vector": "", "severity": "critical", "epss": 0.2937, "kev": false, "exploits": ["nuclei"], "stacks": [{"name": "python", "path": "vulns/stack/python", "slug": "python"}], "path": "vulns/cve-2020-9480", "title": "CVE-2020-9480", "description": "In Apache Spark 2.4.5 and earlier, a standalone resource manager's master may be configured to require authentication (spark.authenticate) via a shared secret. When enabled, however, a specially-crafted RPC to the master can succeed in starting an application's resources on the Spark cluster, even without the shared key. This can be leveraged to execute shell commands on the host machine. This does not affect Spark clusters using other resource managers (YARN, Mesos, etc).", "references": ["https://spark.apache.org/security.html#CVE-2020-9480", "https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/r03ad9fe7c07d6039fba9f2152d345274473cb0af3d8a4794a6645f4b%40%3Cuser.spark.apache.org%3E", "https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/ree9e87aae81852330290a478692e36ea6db47a52a694545c7d66e3e2%40%3Cdev.spark.apache.org%3E"], "fixes": ["2.4.6"], "products": [{"name": "pyspark", "path": "vulns/pypi/pyspark", "ecosystem": "PyPI"}]}, {"id": "CVE-2019-10099", "noindex": false, "published": "2019-08-07T16:18:46.000Z", "modified": "2024-08-04T22:10:09.549Z", "cvss": 8.7, "cvss_vector": "", "severity": "high", "epss": 0.01302, "kev": false, "exploits": [], "stacks": [{"name": "python", "path": "vulns/stack/python", "slug": "python"}], "path": "vulns/cve-2019-10099", "title": "CVE-2019-10099", "description": "Prior to Spark 2.3.3, in certain situations Spark would write user data to local disk unencrypted, even if spark.io.encryption.enabled=true. This includes cached blocks that are fetched to disk (controlled by spark.maxRemoteBlockSizeFetchToMem); in SparkR, using parallelize; in Pyspark, using broadcast and parallelize; and use of python udfs.", "references": ["https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/c2a39c207421797f82823a8aff488dcd332d9544038307bf69a2ba9e%40%3Cuser.spark.apache.org%3E", "https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/rabe1d47e2bf8b8f6d9f3068c8d2679731d57fa73b3a7ed1fa82406d2%40%3Cissues.spark.apache.org%3E", "https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/ra216b7b0dd82a2c12c2df9d6095e689eb3f3d28164e6b6587da69fae%40%3Ccommits.spark.apache.org%3E"], "fixes": ["2.3.3"], "products": [{"name": "pyspark", "path": "vulns/pypi/pyspark", "ecosystem": "PyPI"}]}, {"id": "CVE-2018-11760", "noindex": false, "published": "2019-02-04T17:00:00.000Z", "modified": "2024-09-16T19:19:24.731Z", "cvss": 6.8, "cvss_vector": "", "severity": "medium", "epss": 0.00605, "kev": false, "exploits": [], "stacks": [{"name": "python", "path": "vulns/stack/python", "slug": "python"}], "path": "vulns/cve-2018-11760", "title": "CVE-2018-11760", "description": "When using PySpark , it's possible for a different local user to connect to the Spark application and impersonate the user running the Spark application. This affects versions 1.x, 2.0.x, 2.1.x, 2.2.0 to 2.2.2, and 2.3.0 to 2.3.1.", "references": ["http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/106786", "https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/a86ee93d07b6f61b82b61a28049aed311f5cc9420d26cc95f1a9de7b%40%3Cuser.spark.apache.org%3E", "https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/6d015e56b3a3da968f86e0b6acc69f17ecc16b499389e12d8255bf6e%40%3Ccommits.spark.apache.org%3E"], "fixes": ["2.2.3", "2.3.2"], "products": [{"name": "pyspark", "path": "vulns/pypi/pyspark", "ecosystem": "PyPI"}, {"name": "pyspark", "path": "vulns/pypi/pyspark", "ecosystem": "PyPI"}, {"name": "pyspark", "path": "vulns/pypi/pyspark", "ecosystem": "PyPI"}]}, {"id": "CVE-2018-1334", "noindex": false, "published": "2018-07-12T13:00:00.000Z", "modified": "2024-09-17T03:22:59.383Z", "cvss": 6, "cvss_vector": "", "severity": "medium", "epss": 0.00509, "kev": false, "exploits": [], "stacks": [{"name": "python", "path": "vulns/stack/python", "slug": "python"}], "path": "vulns/cve-2018-1334", "title": "CVE-2018-1334", "description": "In Apache Spark 1.0.0 to 2.1.2, 2.2.0 to 2.2.1, and 2.3.0, when using PySpark or SparkR, it's possible for a different local user to connect to the Spark application and impersonate the user running the Spark application.", "references": ["https://spark.apache.org/security.html#CVE-2018-1334", "https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/4d6d210e319a501b740293daaeeeadb51927111fb8261a3e4cd60060%40%3Cdev.spark.apache.org%3E", "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2018-1334"], "fixes": ["2.1.3", "2.2.2"], "products": [{"name": "pyspark", "path": "vulns/pypi/pyspark", "ecosystem": "PyPI"}, {"name": "pyspark", "path": "vulns/pypi/pyspark", "ecosystem": "PyPI"}, {"name": "pyspark", "path": "vulns/pypi/pyspark", "ecosystem": "PyPI"}]}, {"id": "CVE-2017-12612", "noindex": false, "published": "2017-09-13T16:00:00.000Z", "modified": "2024-08-05T18:43:56.253Z", "cvss": 8.5, "cvss_vector": "", "severity": "high", "epss": 0.00734, "kev": false, "exploits": [], "stacks": [{"name": "python", "path": "vulns/stack/python", "slug": "python"}], "path": "vulns/cve-2017-12612", "title": "CVE-2017-12612", "description": "In Apache Spark 1.6.0 until 2.1.1, the launcher API performs unsafe deserialization of data received by its socket. This makes applications launched programmatically using the launcher API potentially vulnerable to arbitrary code execution by an attacker with access to any user account on the local machine. It does not affect apps run by spark-submit or spark-shell. The attacker would be able to execute code as the user that ran the Spark application. Users are encouraged to update to version 2.2.0 or later.", "references": ["http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/100823", "https://mail-archives.apache.org/mod_mbox/spark-dev/201709.mbox/%3CCAEccTyy-1yYuhdNgkBUg0sr9NeaZSrBKkBePdTNZbxXZNTAR-g%40mail.gmail.com%3E", "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2017-12612"], "fixes": ["2.1.2"], "products": [{"name": "pyspark", "path": "vulns/pypi/pyspark", "ecosystem": "PyPI"}]}], "total": 12, "unknown_count": 0, "release_unconfirmed": false, "page": 1, "pages": 1, "filtered": false, "noindex": false, "filters": {}, "page_size": 20, "products": [{"name": "pyspark", "path": "vulns/pypi/pyspark", "ecosystem": "PyPI"}], "stacks": [{"name": "system", "path": "vulns/stack/system", "slug": "system"}, {"name": "web", "path": "vulns/stack/web", "slug": "web"}, {"name": "php", "path": "vulns/stack/php", "slug": "php"}, {"name": "python", "path": "vulns/stack/python", "slug": "python"}, {"name": "node", "path": "vulns/stack/node", "slug": "node"}, {"name": "database", "path": "vulns/stack/database", "slug": "database"}, {"name": "containers", "path": "vulns/stack/containers", "slug": "containers"}, {"name": "network", "path": "vulns/stack/network", "slug": "network"}, {"name": "applications", "path": "vulns/stack/applications", "slug": "applications"}], "versions": [], "stats": {"recent": 0, "kev": 0}, "lastmod": "2026-09-02T12:43:56.359Z", "early_advisories": [], "license": "Puedes utilizar libremente la selección de PatchFirst y nuestras aportaciones (prioridades, alertas tempranas, textos, resúmenes y agregados) para tus propios fines, incluido el uso interno de tu empresa. La reventa, la distribución comercial y la creación masiva de réplicas de esta selección o de estas aportaciones requieren un acuerdo escrito con el operador. Siempre que uses o publiques la selección o nuestras aportaciones, cita a PatchFirst (https://patchfirst.dev/vulns/) con este enlace a la página del flujo de tu región. Los registros originales de fuentes abiertas siguen sujetos a sus respectivas licencias y condiciones. Estas condiciones no limitan tus derechos sobre los datos originales, que puedes obtener directamente de esas fuentes.", "terms_url": "https://patchfirst.dev/es/vulns/#feed-terms", "attribution": {"name": "PatchFirst", "url": "https://patchfirst.dev/vulns/"}, "source_changes": "PatchFirst selecciona, normaliza y combina los registros; se pueden añadir resúmenes y traducciones. Las noticias incluyen un enlace a la fuente original en cada entrada.", "sources": [{"id": "cve", "name": "CVE List / CVE.org", "url": "https://www.cve.org/", "license": "CVE Terms of Use", "terms_url": "https://www.cve.org/Legal/TermsOfUse", "notice": "Copyright © 1999–2021, The MITRE Corporation. LICENSE Submissions : For all materials you submit to the Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures (CVE™), you hereby grant to The MITRE Corporation (MITRE) and all CVE Numbering Authorities (CNAs) a perpetual, worldwide, non-exclusive, no-charge, royalty-free, irrevocable copyright license to reproduce, prepare derivative works of, publicly display, publicly perform, sublicense, and distribute such materials and derivative works. Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, you provide such materials on an \"AS IS\" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied, including, without limitation, any warranties or conditions of TITLE, NON-INFRINGEMENT, MERCHANTABILITY, or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. CVE Usage : MITRE hereby grants you a perpetual, worldwide, non-exclusive, no-charge, royalty-free, irrevocable copyright license to reproduce, prepare derivative works of, publicly display, publicly perform, sublicense, and distribute Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures (CVE™). Any copy you make for such purposes is authorized provided that you reproduce MITRE's copyright designation and this license in any such copy. DISCLAIMERS ALL DOCUMENTS AND THE INFORMATION CONTAINED THEREIN PROVIDED BY MITRE ARE PROVIDED ON AN \"AS IS\" BASIS AND THE CONTRIBUTOR, THE ORGANIZATION HE/SHE REPRESENTS OR IS SPONSORED BY (IF ANY), THE MITRE CORPORATION, ITS BOARD OF TRUSTEES, OFFICERS, AGENTS, AND EMPLOYEES, DISCLAIM ALL WARRANTIES, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO ANY WARRANTY THAT THE USE OF THE INFORMATION THEREIN WILL NOT INFRINGE ANY RIGHTS OR ANY IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE."}, {"id": "osv", "name": "OSV", "url": "https://osv.dev/", "terms_url": "https://google.github.io/osv.dev/data/", "terms": "Las licencias de las bases originales varían; consulta el catálogo de fuentes."}, {"id": "kev", "name": "CISA KEV", "url": "https://www.cisa.gov/known-exploited-vulnerabilities-catalog", "license": "CC0-1.0", "terms_url": "https://github.com/cisagov/kev-data/blob/develop/LICENSE"}, {"id": "epss", "name": "FIRST EPSS", "url": "https://www.first.org/epss/", "terms_url": "https://www.first.org/epss/faq", "terms": "Puntuaciones públicas gratuitas; se solicita atribución (FIRST EPSS, puntuaciones generadas por Empirical Security)."}, {"id": "github-advisory", "name": "GitHub Advisory Database", "url": "https://github.com/advisories", "license": "CC-BY-4.0", "terms_url": "https://github.com/github/advisory-database/blob/main/LICENSE.md"}, {"id": "exploitdb", "name": "Exploit-DB", "url": "https://www.exploit-db.com/", "license": "GPL-2.0", "terms_url": "https://gitlab.com/exploit-database/exploitdb/-/blob/main/LICENSE.md"}, {"id": "metasploit", "name": "Metasploit", "url": "https://github.com/rapid7/metasploit-framework", "license": "BSD-3-Clause", "terms_url": "https://github.com/rapid7/metasploit-framework/blob/master/LICENSE", "notice": "Copyright (c) 2006-2026, Rapid7, Inc.\nLicense: BSD-3-clause\n Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without modification,\n are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:\n .\n * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice,\n this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.\n .\n * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice,\n this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation\n and/or other materials provided with the distribution.\n .\n * Neither the name of Rapid7, Inc. nor the names of its contributors\n may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software\n without specific prior written permission.\n .\n THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS \"AS IS\" AND\n ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED\n WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE\n DISCLAIMED. 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