{"kind": "product", "path": "vulns/pypi/certifi", "name": "certifi", "product": "certifi", "ecosystem": "PyPI", "items": [{"id": "PYSEC-2026-4320", "noindex": false, "published": "2026-10-20T21:41:50.722083Z", "modified": "2026-10-20T22:00:02.600723204Z", "cvss": null, "cvss_vector": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:H/AT:P/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N", "severity": "unknown", "epss": null, "kev": false, "exploits": [], "stacks": [{"name": "python", "path": "vulns/stack/python", "slug": "python"}], "path": "vulns/pysec-2026-4320", "title": "certifi bundles emSign root CAs with compromised intermediate CA keys", "description": "Certifi versions before 2026.10.18 include the `emSign ECC Root CA - G3` root certificate in their bundled CA store. Eight eMudhra intermediate CA certificates that chain to this root have compromised private keys and the CA has revoked them. \n\nAn attacker with one of the compromised keys can issue valid-looking certificates for any hostname. If the attacker is also on-path, they can intercept or modify TLS traffic from clients that trust the certifi bundle. Examples include `requests`, `urllib3` and `pip`, and the Python.org macOS installer.\n\nCertifi 2026.10.18 removed all emSign roots from the bundle. Certifi 2026.10.19 restored the emSign ", "references": ["https://github.com/certifi/python-certifi/security/advisories/GHSA-6q48-6c7w-9gw2", "https://discuss.python.org/t/information-for-python-users-regarding-emudhra-emsign-ca-certificate-security-incident/109576", "https://emudhra.we-have-a-problem.com"], "fixes": ["2026.10.19"], "products": [{"name": "certifi", "path": "vulns/pypi/certifi", "ecosystem": "PyPI"}]}, {"id": "GHSA-6q48-6c7w-9gw2", "noindex": false, "published": "2026-10-20T19:35:05Z", "modified": "2026-10-20T22:11:14.336568839Z", "cvss": null, "cvss_vector": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:H/AT:P/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N", "severity": "unknown", "epss": null, "kev": false, "exploits": [], "stacks": [{"name": "python", "path": "vulns/stack/python", "slug": "python"}], "path": "vulns/ghsa-6q48-6c7w-9gw2", "title": "certifi bundles emSign root CAs with compromised intermediate CA keys", "description": "Certifi versions before 2026.10.18 include the `emSign ECC Root CA - G3` root certificate in their bundled CA store. Eight eMudhra intermediate CA certificates that chain to this root have compromised private keys and the CA has revoked them. \n\nAn attacker with one of the compromised keys can issue valid-looking certificates for any hostname. If the attacker is also on-path, they can intercept or modify TLS traffic from clients that trust the certifi bundle. Examples include `requests`, `urllib3` and `pip`, and the Python.org macOS installer.\n\nCertifi 2026.10.18 removed all emSign roots from the bundle. Certifi 2026.10.19 restored the emSign ", "references": ["https://github.com/certifi/python-certifi/security/advisories/GHSA-6q48-6c7w-9gw2", "https://discuss.python.org/t/information-for-python-users-regarding-emudhra-emsign-ca-certificate-security-incident/109576", "https://emudhra.we-have-a-problem.com"], "fixes": ["2026.10.19"], "products": [{"name": "certifi", "path": "vulns/pypi/certifi", "ecosystem": "PyPI"}]}, {"id": "CVE-2024-39689", "noindex": false, "published": "2024-07-05T18:39:33.202Z", "modified": "2025-02-14T23:19:13.111Z", "cvss": 7.5, "cvss_vector": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:N", "severity": "high", "epss": 0.01049, "kev": false, "exploits": [], "stacks": [{"name": "python", "path": "vulns/stack/python", "slug": "python"}], "path": "vulns/cve-2024-39689", "title": "Certifi removes GLOBALTRUST root certificate", "description": "Certifi is a curated collection of Root Certificates for validating the trustworthiness of SSL certificates while verifying the identity of TLS hosts. Certifi starting in 2021.5.30 and prior to 2024.7.4 recognized root certificates from `GLOBALTRUST`. Certifi 2024.7.04 removes root certificates from `GLOBALTRUST` from the root store. These are in the process of being removed from Mozilla's trust store. `GLOBALTRUST`'s root certificates are being removed pursuant to an investigation which identified \"long-running and unresolved compliance issues.\"", "references": ["https://github.com/certifi/python-certifi/security/advisories/GHSA-248v-346w-9cwc", "https://github.com/certifi/python-certifi/commit/bd8153872e9c6fc98f4023df9c2deaffea2fa463", "https://groups.google.com/a/mozilla.org/g/dev-security-policy/c/XpknYMPO8dI"], "fixes": ["2024.7.4"], "products": [{"name": "certifi", "path": "vulns/pypi/certifi", "ecosystem": "PyPI"}, {"name": "certifi", "path": "vulns/pypi/certifi", "ecosystem": "PyPI"}]}, {"id": "CVE-2023-37920", "noindex": false, "published": "2023-07-25T20:45:35.286Z", "modified": "2025-03-05T18:47:15.819Z", "cvss": 7.5, "cvss_vector": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:N", "severity": "high", "epss": 0.00568, "kev": false, "exploits": [], "stacks": [{"name": "python", "path": "vulns/stack/python", "slug": "python"}], "path": "vulns/cve-2023-37920", "title": "Certifi's removal of e-Tugra root certificate", "description": "Certifi is a curated collection of Root Certificates for validating the trustworthiness of SSL certificates while verifying the identity of TLS hosts. Certifi prior to version 2023.07.22 recognizes \"e-Tugra\" root certificates. e-Tugra's root certificates were subject to an investigation prompted by reporting of security issues in their systems. Certifi 2023.07.22 removes root certificates from \"e-Tugra\" from the root store.", "references": ["https://github.com/certifi/python-certifi/security/advisories/GHSA-xqr8-7jwr-rhp7", "https://github.com/certifi/python-certifi/commit/8fb96ed81f71e7097ed11bc4d9b19afd7ea5c909", "https://groups.google.com/a/mozilla.org/g/dev-security-policy/c/C-HrP1SEq1A"], "fixes": ["2023.7.22"], "products": [{"name": "certifi", "path": "vulns/pypi/certifi", "ecosystem": "PyPI"}]}, {"id": "CVE-2022-23491", "noindex": false, "published": "2022-12-07T21:15:53.804Z", "modified": "2025-04-23T16:31:36.080Z", "cvss": 6.8, "cvss_vector": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:C/C:N/I:H/A:N", "severity": "medium", "epss": 0.0053, "kev": false, "exploits": [], "stacks": [{"name": "python", "path": "vulns/stack/python", "slug": "python"}], "path": "vulns/cve-2022-23491", "title": "Removal of TrustCor root certificate", "description": "Certifi is a curated collection of Root Certificates for validating the trustworthiness of SSL certificates while verifying the identity of TLS hosts. Certifi 2022.12.07 removes root certificates from \"TrustCor\" from the root store. These are in the process of being removed from Mozilla's trust store. TrustCor's root certificates are being removed pursuant to an investigation prompted by media reporting that TrustCor's ownership also operated a business that produced spyware. Conclusions of Mozilla's investigation can be found in the linked google group discussion.", "references": ["https://github.com/certifi/python-certifi/security/advisories/GHSA-43fp-rhv2-5gv8", "https://groups.google.com/a/mozilla.org/g/dev-security-policy/c/oxX69KFvsm4/m/yLohoVqtCgAJ", "https://security.netapp.com/advisory/ntap-20230223-0010/"], "fixes": ["2022.12.07", "2022.12.7"], "products": [{"name": "certifi", "path": "vulns/pypi/certifi", "ecosystem": "PyPI"}, {"name": "certifi", "path": "vulns/pypi/certifi", "ecosystem": "PyPI"}]}], "total": 5, "unknown_count": 0, "release_unconfirmed": false, "page": 1, "pages": 1, "filtered": false, "noindex": false, "filters": {}, "page_size": 20, "products": [{"name": "certifi", "path": "vulns/pypi/certifi", "ecosystem": "PyPI"}], "stacks": [{"name": "system", "path": "vulns/stack/system", "slug": "system"}, {"name": "web", "path": "vulns/stack/web", "slug": "web"}, {"name": "php", "path": "vulns/stack/php", "slug": "php"}, {"name": "python", "path": "vulns/stack/python", "slug": "python"}, {"name": "node", "path": "vulns/stack/node", "slug": "node"}, {"name": "database", "path": "vulns/stack/database", "slug": "database"}, {"name": "containers", "path": "vulns/stack/containers", "slug": "containers"}, {"name": "network", "path": "vulns/stack/network", "slug": "network"}, {"name": "applications", "path": "vulns/stack/applications", "slug": "applications"}], "versions": [], "stats": {"recent": 2, "kev": 0}, "lastmod": "2026-10-20T22:11:14.336568839Z", "early_advisories": [], "license": "Vous pouvez librement utiliser la sélection de PatchFirst et nos ajouts (priorités, alertes précoces, textes, synthèses et agrégats) pour vos propres besoins, y compris les activités internes de votre entreprise. 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Les actualités sont accompagnées d’un lien vers la source originale dans chaque entrée.", "sources": [{"id": "cve", "name": "CVE List / CVE.org", "url": "https://www.cve.org/", "license": "CVE Terms of Use", "terms_url": "https://www.cve.org/Legal/TermsOfUse", "notice": "Copyright © 1999–2021, The MITRE Corporation. LICENSE Submissions : For all materials you submit to the Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures (CVE™), you hereby grant to The MITRE Corporation (MITRE) and all CVE Numbering Authorities (CNAs) a perpetual, worldwide, non-exclusive, no-charge, royalty-free, irrevocable copyright license to reproduce, prepare derivative works of, publicly display, publicly perform, sublicense, and distribute such materials and derivative works. Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, you provide such materials on an \"AS IS\" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied, including, without limitation, any warranties or conditions of TITLE, NON-INFRINGEMENT, MERCHANTABILITY, or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. CVE Usage : MITRE hereby grants you a perpetual, worldwide, non-exclusive, no-charge, royalty-free, irrevocable copyright license to reproduce, prepare derivative works of, publicly display, publicly perform, sublicense, and distribute Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures (CVE™). Any copy you make for such purposes is authorized provided that you reproduce MITRE's copyright designation and this license in any such copy. DISCLAIMERS ALL DOCUMENTS AND THE INFORMATION CONTAINED THEREIN PROVIDED BY MITRE ARE PROVIDED ON AN \"AS IS\" BASIS AND THE CONTRIBUTOR, THE ORGANIZATION HE/SHE REPRESENTS OR IS SPONSORED BY (IF ANY), THE MITRE CORPORATION, ITS BOARD OF TRUSTEES, OFFICERS, AGENTS, AND EMPLOYEES, DISCLAIM ALL WARRANTIES, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO ANY WARRANTY THAT THE USE OF THE INFORMATION THEREIN WILL NOT INFRINGE ANY RIGHTS OR ANY IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE."}, {"id": "osv", "name": "OSV", "url": "https://osv.dev/", "terms_url": "https://google.github.io/osv.dev/data/", "terms": "Les licences des bases d’origine varient ; voir le catalogue des sources."}, {"id": "kev", "name": "CISA KEV", "url": "https://www.cisa.gov/known-exploited-vulnerabilities-catalog", "license": "CC0-1.0", "terms_url": "https://github.com/cisagov/kev-data/blob/develop/LICENSE"}, {"id": "epss", "name": "FIRST EPSS", "url": "https://www.first.org/epss/", "terms_url": "https://www.first.org/epss/faq", "terms": "Évaluations publiques gratuites ; mention de la source demandée (FIRST EPSS, évaluations produites par Empirical Security)."}, {"id": "github-advisory", "name": "GitHub Advisory Database", "url": "https://github.com/advisories", "license": "CC-BY-4.0", "terms_url": "https://github.com/github/advisory-database/blob/main/LICENSE.md"}, {"id": "exploitdb", "name": "Exploit-DB", "url": "https://www.exploit-db.com/", "license": "GPL-2.0", "terms_url": "https://gitlab.com/exploit-database/exploitdb/-/blob/main/LICENSE.md"}, {"id": "metasploit", "name": "Metasploit", "url": "https://github.com/rapid7/metasploit-framework", "license": "BSD-3-Clause", "terms_url": "https://github.com/rapid7/metasploit-framework/blob/master/LICENSE", "notice": "Copyright (c) 2006-2026, Rapid7, Inc.\nLicense: BSD-3-clause\n Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without modification,\n are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:\n .\n * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice,\n this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.\n .\n * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice,\n this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation\n and/or other materials provided with the distribution.\n .\n * Neither the name of Rapid7, Inc. nor the names of its contributors\n may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software\n without specific prior written permission.\n .\n THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS \"AS IS\" AND\n ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED\n WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE\n DISCLAIMED. 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IN NO EVENT SHALL THE\nAUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER\nLIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,\nOUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE\nSOFTWARE."}, {"id": "linux-kernel", "name": "Linux kernel releases", "url": "https://www.kernel.org/", "license": "CC-BY-SA-4.0", "terms_url": "https://www.kernel.org/legal.html", "notice": "Copyright (C) 1997-2014 by The Linux Kernel Organization, Inc."}]}