{"kind": "product", "path": "vulns/pypi/ray", "name": "ray", "product": "ray", "ecosystem": "PyPI", "items": [{"id": "CVE-2026-57516", "noindex": false, "published": "2026-07-01T16:36:55.765Z", "modified": "2026-10-08T15:23:28.496Z", "cvss": 8.6, "cvss_vector": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:A/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N", "severity": "high", "epss": 0.00858, "kev": false, "exploits": [], "stacks": [{"name": "python", "path": "vulns/stack/python", "slug": "python"}], "path": "vulns/cve-2026-57516", "title": "Ray < 2.56.0 Unsafe Deserialization RCE via WebDataset Reader", "description": "Ray prior to 2.56.0 contains an unsafe deserialization vulnerability in the WebDataset reader that allows attackers to achieve remote code execution by supplying a malicious tar archive to the read_webdataset() function. The _default_decoder() function in webdataset_datasource.py unconditionally calls pickle.loads() on tar entries with .pkl/.pickle extensions and torch.load() with weights_only=False on .pt/.pth entries, executing arbitrary code inside Ray remote workers on every worker that processes the malicious archive.", "references": ["https://github.com/ray-project/ray/releases/tag/ray-2.56.0", "https://github.com/ray-project/ray/security/advisories/GHSA-hhrp-gw25-jr43", "https://github.com/ray-project/ray/pull/63469"], "fixes": ["2.56.0"], "products": [{"name": "ray", "path": "vulns/pypi/ray", "ecosystem": "PyPI"}]}, {"id": "CVE-2025-34351", "noindex": false, "published": "2026-06-29T11:50:36.487914Z", "modified": "2026-07-01T20:23:03.614509Z", "cvss": 9.3, "cvss_vector": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N", "severity": "critical", "epss": null, "kev": false, "exploits": [], "stacks": [{"name": "python", "path": "vulns/stack/python", "slug": "python"}], "path": "vulns/cve-2025-34351", "title": "Ray's New Token Authentication is Disabled By Default", "description": "Anyscale Ray 2.52.0 contains an insecure default configuration in which token-based authentication for Ray management interfaces (including the dashboard and Jobs API) is disabled unless explicitly enabled by setting RAY_AUTH_MODE=token. In the default unauthenticated state, a remote attacker with network access to these interfaces can submit jobs and execute arbitrary code on the Ray cluster. NOTE: The vendor plans to enable token authentication by default in a future release. They recommend enabling token authentication to protect your cluster from unauthorized access.", "references": ["https://github.com/JLLeitschuh/security-research/security/advisories/GHSA-w8vc-465m-jjw6", "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-34351", "https://docs.ray.io/en/latest/ray-security/token-auth.html"], "fixes": [], "products": [{"name": "ray", "path": "vulns/pypi/ray", "ecosystem": "PyPI"}]}, {"id": "CVE-2026-41486", "noindex": false, "published": "2026-05-08T21:46:14.442Z", "modified": "2026-05-12T02:07:57.661Z", "cvss": 8.9, "cvss_vector": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:P/PR:N/UI:A/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:H/SI:H/SA:H", "severity": "high", "epss": 0.00473, "kev": false, "exploits": [], "stacks": [{"name": "python", "path": "vulns/stack/python", "slug": "python"}], "path": "vulns/cve-2026-41486", "title": "Ray: Remote Code Execution via Parquet Arrow Extension Type Deserialization", "description": "Ray is an AI compute engine. From version 2.54.0 to before version 2.55.0, Ray Data registers custom Arrow extension types (ray.data.arrow_tensor, ray.data.arrow_tensor_v2, ray.data.arrow_variable_shaped_tensor) globally in PyArrow. When PyArrow reads a Parquet file containing one of these extension types, it calls __arrow_ext_deserialize__ on the field's metadata bytes. Ray's implementation passes these bytes directly to cloudpickle.loads(), achieving arbitrary code execution during schema parsing, before any row data is read. This issue has been patched in version 2.55.0.", "references": ["https://github.com/ray-project/ray/security/advisories/GHSA-mw35-8rx3-xf9r", "https://github.com/ray-project/ray/pull/62056", "https://github.com/ray-project/ray/commit/c02bd31ae31996805868baa446a131a8d304525f"], "fixes": ["2.55.0"], "products": [{"name": "ray", "path": "vulns/pypi/ray", "ecosystem": "PyPI"}, {"name": "ray", "path": "vulns/pypi/ray", "ecosystem": "PyPI"}]}, {"id": "CVE-2026-32981", "noindex": false, "published": "2026-03-17T19:33:50.107Z", "modified": "2026-10-08T15:22:30.099Z", "cvss": 8.7, "cvss_vector": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:N/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N", "severity": "high", "epss": 0.00945, "kev": false, "exploits": [], "stacks": [{"name": "python", "path": "vulns/stack/python", "slug": "python"}], "path": "vulns/cve-2026-32981", "title": "Ray Dashboard <= 2.8.0 Path Traversal Leading to Local File Disclosure", "description": "A path traversal vulnerability was identified in Ray Dashboard (default port 8265) in Ray versions prior to 2.8.1. Due to improper validation and sanitization of user-supplied paths in the static file handling mechanism, an attacker can use traversal sequences (e.g., ../) to access files outside the intended static directory, resulting in local file disclosure.", "references": ["https://packetstorm.news/files/id/215801/", "https://github.com/ray-project/ray", "https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/ray-dashboard-path-traversal-leading-to-local-file-disclosure"], "fixes": ["2.8.1"], "products": [{"name": "ray", "path": "vulns/pypi/ray", "ecosystem": "PyPI"}]}, {"id": "CVE-2026-27482", "noindex": false, "published": "2026-02-21T09:18:26.027Z", "modified": "2026-02-24T18:52:03.874Z", "cvss": 5.9, "cvss_vector": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:H", "severity": "medium", "epss": 0.00307, "kev": false, "exploits": [], "stacks": [{"name": "python", "path": "vulns/stack/python", "slug": "python"}], "path": "vulns/cve-2026-27482", "title": "Ray: Dashboard DELETE endpoints allow unauthenticated browser-triggered DoS (Serve shutdown / job deletion)", "description": "Ray is an AI compute engine. In versions 2.53.0 and below, thedashboard HTTP server blocks browser-origin POST/PUT but does not cover DELETE, and key DELETE endpoints are unauthenticated by default. If the dashboard/agent is reachable (e.g., --dashboard-host=0.0.0.0), a web page via DNS rebinding or same-network access can issue DELETE requests that shut down Serve or delete jobs without user interaction. This is a drive-by availability impact. The fix for this vulnerability is to update to Ray 2.54.0 or higher.", "references": ["https://github.com/ray-project/ray/security/advisories/GHSA-q5fh-2hc8-f6rq", "https://github.com/ray-project/ray/pull/60526", "https://github.com/ray-project/ray/commit/0fda8b824cdc9dc6edd763bb28dfd7d1cc9b02a4"], "fixes": ["2.54.0"], "products": [{"name": "ray", "path": "vulns/pypi/ray", "ecosystem": "PyPI"}]}, {"id": "CVE-2025-62593", "noindex": false, "published": "2025-11-26T22:28:28.577Z", "modified": "2026-10-01T18:07:54.129Z", "cvss": 9.4, "cvss_vector": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:P/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:H/SI:H/SA:H", "severity": "critical", "epss": 0.6015, "kev": true, "exploits": ["nuclei"], "stacks": [{"name": "python", "path": "vulns/stack/python", "slug": "python"}], "path": "vulns/cve-2025-62593", "title": "Ray is vulnerable to RCE via Safari & Firefox Browsers through DNS Rebinding Attack", "description": "Ray is an AI compute engine. Prior to version 2.52.0, developers working with Ray as a development tool can be exploited via a critical RCE vulnerability exploitable via Firefox and Safari. This vulnerability is due to an insufficient guard against browser-based attacks, as the current defense uses the User-Agent header starting with the string \"Mozilla\" as a defense mechanism. This defense is insufficient as the fetch specification allows the User-Agent header to be modified. Combined with a DNS rebinding attack against the browser, and this vulnerability is exploitable against a developer running Ray who inadvertently visits a malicious web", "references": ["https://github.com/ray-project/ray/security/advisories/GHSA-q279-jhrf-cc6v", "https://github.com/ray-project/ray/commit/70e7c72780bdec075dba6cad1afe0832772bfe09", "https://www.bitsight.com/blog/rondodox-botnet-infrastructure-analysis"], "fixes": ["2.52.0"], "products": [{"name": "ray", "path": "vulns/pypi/ray", "ecosystem": "PyPI"}]}, {"id": "CVE-2025-1979", "noindex": false, "published": "2025-03-06T05:00:02.068Z", "modified": "2025-03-06T15:13:37.073Z", "cvss": 5.7, "cvss_vector": "CVSS:4.0/AV:L/AC:L/AT:P/PR:L/UI:N/VC:H/VI:N/VA:N/SC:L/SI:L/SA:N", "severity": "medium", "epss": 0.00196, "kev": false, "exploits": [], "stacks": [{"name": "python", "path": "vulns/stack/python", "slug": "python"}], "path": "vulns/cve-2025-1979", "title": "CVE-2025-1979", "description": "Versions of the package ray before 2.43.0 are vulnerable to Insertion of Sensitive Information into Log File where the redis password is being logged in the standard logging. If the redis password is passed as an argument, it will be logged and could potentially leak the password.\r\rThis is only exploitable if:\r\r1) Logging is enabled;\r\r2) Redis is using password authentication;\r\r3) Those logs are accessible to an attacker, who can reach that redis instance.\r\r**Note:**\r\rIt is recommended that anyone who is running in this configuration should update to the latest version of Ray, then rotate their redis password.", "references": ["https://security.snyk.io/vuln/SNYK-PYTHON-RAY-8745212", "https://github.com/ray-project/ray/pull/50409", "https://github.com/ray-project/ray/commit/64a2e4010522d60b90c389634f24df77b603d85d"], "fixes": ["2.43.0"], "products": [{"name": "ray", "path": "vulns/pypi/ray", "ecosystem": "PyPI"}, {"name": "ray", "path": "vulns/pypi/ray", "ecosystem": "PyPI"}]}, {"id": "CVE-2023-48022", "noindex": false, "published": "2023-11-28T00:00:00.000Z", "modified": "2025-12-17T16:41:47.778Z", "cvss": 9.8, "cvss_vector": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H", "severity": "critical", "epss": 0.83942, "kev": false, "exploits": ["metasploit", "nuclei"], "stacks": [{"name": "python", "path": "vulns/stack/python", "slug": "python"}], "path": "vulns/cve-2023-48022", "title": "CVE-2023-48022", "description": "Anyscale Ray 2.6.3 and 2.8.0 allows a remote attacker to execute arbitrary code via the job submission API. NOTE: the vendor's position is that this report is irrelevant because Ray, as stated in its documentation, is not intended for use outside of a strictly controlled network environment. (Also, within that environment, customers at version 2.52.0 and later can choose to use token authentication.)", "references": ["https://bishopfox.com/blog/ray-versions-2-6-3-2-8-0", "https://docs.ray.io/en/latest/ray-security/index.html", "https://www.vicarius.io/vsociety/posts/shadowray-cve-2023-48022-exploit"], "fixes": [], "products": [{"name": "ray", "path": "vulns/pypi/ray", "ecosystem": "PyPI"}]}, {"id": "CVE-2023-6020", "noindex": false, "published": "2023-11-16T21:07:33.774Z", "modified": "2024-08-02T08:21:17.152Z", "cvss": 7.5, "cvss_vector": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N", "severity": "high", "epss": 0.14652, "kev": false, "exploits": ["metasploit", "nuclei"], "stacks": [{"name": "python", "path": "vulns/stack/python", "slug": "python"}], "path": "vulns/cve-2023-6020", "title": "Ray Static File Local File Include", "description": "LFI in Ray's /static/ directory allows attackers to read any file on the server without authentication.", "references": ["https://huntr.com/bounties/83dd8619-6dc3-4c98-8f1b-e620fedcd1f6", "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-6020"], "fixes": ["2.8.1"], "products": [{"name": "ray", "path": "vulns/pypi/ray", "ecosystem": "PyPI"}]}, {"id": "CVE-2023-6019", "noindex": false, "published": "2023-11-16T16:12:07.652Z", "modified": "2024-08-02T08:21:17.025Z", "cvss": 9.8, "cvss_vector": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H", "severity": "critical", "epss": 0.7463, "kev": false, "exploits": ["exploitdb", "metasploit"], "stacks": [{"name": "python", "path": "vulns/stack/python", "slug": "python"}], "path": "vulns/cve-2023-6019", "title": "Ray Command Injection in cpu_profile Parameter", "description": "A command injection existed in Ray's cpu_profile URL parameter allowing attackers to execute os commands on the system running the ray dashboard remotely without authentication. The issue is fixed in version 2.8.1+. Ray maintainers' response can be found here: https://www.anyscale.com/blog/update-on-ray-cves-cve-2023-6019-cve-2023-6020-cve-2023-6021-cve-2023-48022-cve-2023-48023", "references": ["https://huntr.com/bounties/d0290f3c-b302-4161-89f2-c13bb28b4cfe", "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-6019"], "fixes": ["2.8.1"], "products": [{"name": "ray", "path": "vulns/pypi/ray", "ecosystem": "PyPI"}]}, {"id": "CVE-2023-6021", "noindex": false, "published": "2023-11-16T16:11:42.969Z", "modified": "2024-11-27T17:07:03.555Z", "cvss": 7.5, "cvss_vector": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N", "severity": "high", "epss": 0.37076, "kev": false, "exploits": ["nuclei"], "stacks": [{"name": "python", "path": "vulns/stack/python", "slug": "python"}], "path": "vulns/cve-2023-6021", "title": "Ray Log File Local File Include", "description": "LFI in Ray's log API endpoint allows attackers to read any file on the server without authentication. The issue is fixed in version 2.8.1+. Ray maintainers' response can be found here: https://www.anyscale.com/blog/update-on-ray-cves-cve-2023-6019-cve-2023-6020-cve-2023-6021-cve-2023-48022-cve-2023-48023", "references": ["https://huntr.com/bounties/5039c045-f986-4cbc-81ac-370fe4b0d3f8", "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-6021"], "fixes": ["2.8.1"], "products": [{"name": "ray", "path": "vulns/pypi/ray", "ecosystem": "PyPI"}]}], "total": 11, "unknown_count": 0, "release_unconfirmed": false, "page": 1, "pages": 1, "filtered": false, "noindex": false, "filters": {}, "page_size": 20, "products": [{"name": "ray", "path": "vulns/pypi/ray", "ecosystem": "PyPI"}], "stacks": [{"name": "system", "path": "vulns/stack/system", "slug": "system"}, {"name": "web", "path": "vulns/stack/web", "slug": "web"}, {"name": "php", "path": "vulns/stack/php", "slug": "php"}, {"name": "python", "path": "vulns/stack/python", "slug": "python"}, {"name": "node", "path": "vulns/stack/node", "slug": "node"}, {"name": "database", "path": "vulns/stack/database", "slug": "database"}, {"name": "containers", "path": "vulns/stack/containers", "slug": "containers"}, {"name": "network", "path": "vulns/stack/network", "slug": "network"}, {"name": "applications", "path": "vulns/stack/applications", "slug": "applications"}], "versions": [], "stats": {"recent": 0, "kev": 0}, "lastmod": "2026-10-08T15:23:28.496Z", "early_advisories": [], "license": "You may freely use the PatchFirst selection and our additions (priorities, early warnings, texts, summaries and aggregates) for your own purposes, including internal business use. Resale, commercial distribution and bulk mirroring of this selection or these additions require a written agreement with the operator. Whenever you use or publish the selection or our additions, credit PatchFirst (https://patchfirst.dev/vulns/) with this link to the regional feed page. Original records from open sources remain subject to their respective licenses and terms. These conditions do not restrict your rights to the original data, which you can obtain directly from those sources.", "terms_url": "https://patchfirst.dev/vulns/#feed-terms", "attribution": {"name": "PatchFirst", "url": "https://patchfirst.dev/vulns/"}, "source_changes": "Records are selected, normalized and combined by PatchFirst; summaries and translations may be added. News is credited with a link to the original source in each entry.", "sources": [{"id": "cve", "name": "CVE List / CVE.org", "url": "https://www.cve.org/", "license": "CVE Terms of Use", "terms_url": "https://www.cve.org/Legal/TermsOfUse", "notice": "Copyright © 1999–2021, The MITRE Corporation. LICENSE Submissions : For all materials you submit to the Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures (CVE™), you hereby grant to The MITRE Corporation (MITRE) and all CVE Numbering Authorities (CNAs) a perpetual, worldwide, non-exclusive, no-charge, royalty-free, irrevocable copyright license to reproduce, prepare derivative works of, publicly display, publicly perform, sublicense, and distribute such materials and derivative works. Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, you provide such materials on an \"AS IS\" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied, including, without limitation, any warranties or conditions of TITLE, NON-INFRINGEMENT, MERCHANTABILITY, or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. CVE Usage : MITRE hereby grants you a perpetual, worldwide, non-exclusive, no-charge, royalty-free, irrevocable copyright license to reproduce, prepare derivative works of, publicly display, publicly perform, sublicense, and distribute Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures (CVE™). Any copy you make for such purposes is authorized provided that you reproduce MITRE's copyright designation and this license in any such copy. DISCLAIMERS ALL DOCUMENTS AND THE INFORMATION CONTAINED THEREIN PROVIDED BY MITRE ARE PROVIDED ON AN \"AS IS\" BASIS AND THE CONTRIBUTOR, THE ORGANIZATION HE/SHE REPRESENTS OR IS SPONSORED BY (IF ANY), THE MITRE CORPORATION, ITS BOARD OF TRUSTEES, OFFICERS, AGENTS, AND EMPLOYEES, DISCLAIM ALL WARRANTIES, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO ANY WARRANTY THAT THE USE OF THE INFORMATION THEREIN WILL NOT INFRINGE ANY RIGHTS OR ANY IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE."}, {"id": "osv", "name": "OSV", "url": "https://osv.dev/", "terms_url": "https://google.github.io/osv.dev/data/", "terms": "Upstream licenses vary; see the source catalog."}, {"id": "kev", "name": "CISA KEV", "url": "https://www.cisa.gov/known-exploited-vulnerabilities-catalog", "license": "CC0-1.0", "terms_url": "https://github.com/cisagov/kev-data/blob/develop/LICENSE"}, {"id": "epss", "name": "FIRST EPSS", "url": "https://www.first.org/epss/", "terms_url": "https://www.first.org/epss/faq", "terms": "Free public scores; attribution requested (FIRST EPSS, scores generated by Empirical Security)."}, {"id": "github-advisory", "name": "GitHub Advisory Database", "url": "https://github.com/advisories", "license": "CC-BY-4.0", "terms_url": "https://github.com/github/advisory-database/blob/main/LICENSE.md"}, {"id": "exploitdb", "name": "Exploit-DB", "url": "https://www.exploit-db.com/", "license": "GPL-2.0", "terms_url": "https://gitlab.com/exploit-database/exploitdb/-/blob/main/LICENSE.md"}, {"id": "metasploit", "name": "Metasploit", "url": "https://github.com/rapid7/metasploit-framework", "license": "BSD-3-Clause", "terms_url": "https://github.com/rapid7/metasploit-framework/blob/master/LICENSE", "notice": "Copyright (c) 2006-2026, Rapid7, Inc.\nLicense: BSD-3-clause\n Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without modification,\n are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:\n .\n * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice,\n this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.\n .\n * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice,\n this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation\n and/or other materials provided with the distribution.\n .\n * Neither the name of Rapid7, Inc. nor the names of its contributors\n may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software\n without specific prior written permission.\n .\n THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS \"AS IS\" AND\n ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED\n WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE\n DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR\n ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES\n (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES;\n LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON\n ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT\n (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS\n SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE."}, {"id": "nuclei", "name": "Nuclei Templates", "url": "https://github.com/projectdiscovery/nuclei-templates", "license": "MIT", "terms_url": "https://github.com/projectdiscovery/nuclei-templates/blob/main/LICENSE.md", "notice": "MIT License\n\nCopyright (c) 2025 ProjectDiscovery, Inc.\n\nPermission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy\nof this software and associated documentation files (the \"Software\"), to deal\nin the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights\nto use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell\ncopies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is\nfurnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:\n\nThe above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all\ncopies or substantial portions of the Software.\n\nTHE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED \"AS IS\", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR\nIMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,\nFITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE\nAUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER\nLIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,\nOUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE\nSOFTWARE."}, {"id": "linux-kernel", "name": "Linux kernel releases", "url": "https://www.kernel.org/", "license": "CC-BY-SA-4.0", "terms_url": "https://www.kernel.org/legal.html", "notice": "Copyright (C) 1997-2014 by The Linux Kernel Organization, Inc."}]}