{"kind": "product", "path": "vulns/ubuntu-pro-16.04-lts/systemd", "name": "systemd", "product": "systemd", "ecosystem": "Ubuntu:Pro:16.04:LTS", "items": [{"id": "CVE-2026-40228", "noindex": false, "published": "2026-04-10T15:48:44.215Z", "modified": "2026-05-05T01:34:55.360Z", "cvss": 2.9, "cvss_vector": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N", "severity": "low", "epss": 0.00173, "kev": false, "exploits": [], "stacks": [{"name": "system", "path": "vulns/stack/system", "slug": "system"}], "path": "vulns/cve-2026-40228", "title": "CVE-2026-40228", "description": "In systemd 259, systemd-journald can send ANSI escape sequences to the terminals of arbitrary users when a \"logger -p emerg\" command is executed, if ForwardToWall=yes is set.", "references": ["https://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2026/04/08/1", "http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2026/05/05/1", "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-40228"], "fixes": [], "products": [{"name": "systemd", "path": "vulns/ubuntu-pro-16.04-lts/systemd", "ecosystem": "Ubuntu:Pro:16.04:LTS"}]}, {"id": "CVE-2026-40226", "noindex": false, "published": "2026-04-10T15:18:10.447Z", "modified": "2026-04-14T14:48:20.451Z", "cvss": 6.4, "cvss_vector": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:H/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H", "severity": "medium", "epss": 0.00072, "kev": false, "exploits": [], "stacks": [{"name": "system", "path": "vulns/stack/system", "slug": "system"}], "path": "vulns/cve-2026-40226", "title": "CVE-2026-40226", "description": "In nspawn in systemd 233 through 259 before 260, an escape-to-host action can occur via a crafted optional config file.", "references": ["https://github.com/systemd/systemd/security/advisories/GHSA-9mj4-rrc3-gjcx", "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-40226"], "fixes": [], "products": [{"name": "systemd", "path": "vulns/ubuntu-pro-16.04-lts/systemd", "ecosystem": "Ubuntu:Pro:16.04:LTS"}]}, {"id": "CVE-2023-7008", "noindex": false, "published": "2023-12-23T13:00:50.515Z", "modified": "2026-10-14T22:15:26.904Z", "cvss": 5.9, "cvss_vector": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:N", "severity": "medium", "epss": 0.00849, "kev": false, "exploits": [], "stacks": [{"name": "system", "path": "vulns/stack/system", "slug": "system"}], "path": "vulns/cve-2023-7008", "title": "Systemd-resolved: unsigned name response in signed zone is not refused when dnssec=yes", "description": "A vulnerability was found in systemd-resolved. This issue may allow systemd-resolved to accept records of DNSSEC-signed domains even when they have no signature, allowing man-in-the-middles (or the upstream DNS resolver) to manipulate records.", "references": ["https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2024:2463", "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2024:3203", "https://access.redhat.com/security/cve/CVE-2023-7008"], "fixes": [], "products": [{"name": "systemd", "path": "vulns/ubuntu-pro-16.04-lts/systemd", "ecosystem": "Ubuntu:Pro:16.04:LTS"}]}, {"id": "CVE-2023-26604", "noindex": false, "published": "2023-03-03T00:00:00.000Z", "modified": "2026-10-14T22:32:08.235Z", "cvss": 7.8, "cvss_vector": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H", "severity": "high", "epss": 0.01051, "kev": false, "exploits": [], "stacks": [{"name": "system", "path": "vulns/stack/system", "slug": "system"}], "path": "vulns/cve-2023-26604", "title": "CVE-2023-26604", "description": "systemd before 247 does not adequately block local privilege escalation for some Sudo configurations, e.g., plausible sudoers files in which the \"systemctl status\" command may be executed. Specifically, systemd does not set LESSSECURE to 1, and thus other programs may be launched from the less program. This presents a substantial security risk when running systemctl from Sudo, because less executes as root when the terminal size is too small to show the complete systemctl output.", "references": ["https://medium.com/%40zenmoviefornotification/saidov-maxim-cve-2023-26604-c1232a526ba7", "https://github.com/systemd/systemd/blob/main/NEWS#L4335-L4340", "https://blog.compass-security.com/2012/10/dangerous-sudoers-entries-part-2-insecure-functionality/"], "fixes": [], "products": [{"name": "systemd", "path": "vulns/ubuntu-pro-16.04-lts/systemd", "ecosystem": "Ubuntu:Pro:16.04:LTS"}]}, {"id": "CVE-2022-4415", "noindex": false, "published": "2023-01-11T00:00:00.000Z", "modified": "2025-11-03T19:27:41.646Z", "cvss": 5.5, "cvss_vector": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N", "severity": "medium", "epss": 0.00822, "kev": false, "exploits": [], "stacks": [{"name": "system", "path": "vulns/stack/system", "slug": "system"}], "path": "vulns/cve-2022-4415", "title": "CVE-2022-4415", "description": "A vulnerability was found in systemd. This security flaw can cause a local information leak due to systemd-coredump not respecting the fs.suid_dumpable kernel setting.", "references": ["https://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2022/12/21/3", "https://github.com/systemd/systemd/commit/b7641425659243c09473cd8fb3aef2c0d4a3eb9c", "https://security.netapp.com/advisory/ntap-20230216-0010/"], "fixes": [], "products": [{"name": "systemd", "path": "vulns/ubuntu-pro-16.04-lts/systemd", "ecosystem": "Ubuntu:Pro:16.04:LTS"}]}, {"id": "CVE-2022-3821", "noindex": false, "published": "2022-11-08T00:00:00.000Z", "modified": "2026-10-14T13:51:55.858Z", "cvss": 5.5, "cvss_vector": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H", "severity": "medium", "epss": 0.00429, "kev": false, "exploits": [], "stacks": [{"name": "system", "path": "vulns/stack/system", "slug": "system"}], "path": "vulns/cve-2022-3821", "title": "CVE-2022-3821", "description": "An off-by-one Error issue was discovered in Systemd in format_timespan() function of time-util.c. An attacker could supply specific values for time and accuracy that leads to buffer overrun in format_timespan(), leading to a Denial of Service.", "references": ["https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=2139327", "https://github.com/systemd/systemd/issues/23928", "https://github.com/systemd/systemd/pull/23933"], "fixes": ["229-4ubuntu21.31+esm3"], "products": [{"name": "systemd", "path": "vulns/ubuntu-pro-16.04-lts/systemd", "ecosystem": "Ubuntu:Pro:16.04:LTS"}]}, {"id": "CVE-2021-3997", "noindex": false, "published": "2022-08-23T00:00:00.000Z", "modified": "2026-10-14T09:49:55.103Z", "cvss": 5.5, "cvss_vector": "", "severity": "medium", "epss": 0.01735, "kev": false, "exploits": [], "stacks": [{"name": "system", "path": "vulns/stack/system", "slug": "system"}], "path": "vulns/cve-2021-3997", "title": "CVE-2021-3997", "description": "A flaw was found in systemd. An uncontrolled recursion in systemd-tmpfiles may lead to a denial of service at boot time when too many nested directories are created in /tmp.", "references": ["https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=2024639", "https://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2022/01/10/2", "https://github.com/systemd/systemd/commit/5b1cf7a9be37e20133c0208005274ce4a5b5c6a1"], "fixes": [], "products": [{"name": "systemd", "path": "vulns/ubuntu-pro-16.04-lts/systemd", "ecosystem": "Ubuntu:Pro:16.04:LTS"}]}, {"id": "CVE-2021-33910", "noindex": false, "published": "2021-07-20T18:13:49.000Z", "modified": "2026-10-14T11:44:16.179Z", "cvss": 5.5, "cvss_vector": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H", "severity": "medium", "epss": 0.08792, "kev": false, "exploits": [], "stacks": [{"name": "system", "path": "vulns/stack/system", "slug": "system"}], "path": "vulns/cve-2021-33910", "title": "CVE-2021-33910", "description": "basic/unit-name.c in systemd prior to 246.15, 247.8, 248.5, and 249.1 has a Memory Allocation with an Excessive Size Value (involving strdupa and alloca for a pathname controlled by a local attacker) that results in an operating system crash.", "references": ["https://github.com/systemd/systemd/pull/20256/commits/441e0115646d54f080e5c3bb0ba477c892861ab9", "https://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2021/07/20/2", "https://security.gentoo.org/glsa/202107-48"], "fixes": ["229-4ubuntu21.31+esm1"], "products": [{"name": "systemd", "path": "vulns/ubuntu-pro-16.04-lts/systemd", "ecosystem": "Ubuntu:Pro:16.04:LTS"}]}, {"id": "CVE-2020-13529", "noindex": false, "published": "2021-05-10T15:08:34.000Z", "modified": "2026-10-14T09:07:03.990Z", "cvss": 6.1, "cvss_vector": "CVSS:3.0/AV:A/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:N/I:N/A:H", "severity": "medium", "epss": 0.01431, "kev": false, "exploits": [], "stacks": [{"name": "system", "path": "vulns/stack/system", "slug": "system"}], "path": "vulns/cve-2020-13529", "title": "CVE-2020-13529", "description": "An exploitable denial-of-service vulnerability exists in Systemd 245. A specially crafted DHCP FORCERENEW packet can cause a server running the DHCP client to be vulnerable to a DHCP ACK spoofing attack. An attacker can forge a pair of FORCERENEW and DCHP ACK packets to reconfigure the server.", "references": ["https://talosintelligence.com/vulnerability_reports/TALOS-2020-1142", "https://security.gentoo.org/glsa/202107-48", "https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce%40lists.fedoraproject.org/message/42TMJVNYRY65B4QCJICBYOEIVZV3KUYI/"], "fixes": ["229-4ubuntu21.31+esm1"], "products": [{"name": "systemd", "path": "vulns/ubuntu-pro-16.04-lts/systemd", "ecosystem": "Ubuntu:Pro:16.04:LTS"}]}, {"id": "CVE-2020-13776", "noindex": false, "published": "2020-06-03T02:05:22.000Z", "modified": "2026-10-14T09:23:38.933Z", "cvss": 6.7, "cvss_vector": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:H/PR:L/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H", "severity": "medium", "epss": 0.00461, "kev": false, "exploits": [], "stacks": [{"name": "system", "path": "vulns/stack/system", "slug": "system"}], "path": "vulns/cve-2020-13776", "title": "CVE-2020-13776", "description": "systemd through v245 mishandles numerical usernames such as ones composed of decimal digits or 0x followed by hex digits, as demonstrated by use of root privileges when privileges of the 0x0 user account were intended. NOTE: this issue exists because of an incomplete fix for CVE-2017-1000082.", "references": ["https://github.com/systemd/systemd/issues/15985", "https://security.netapp.com/advisory/ntap-20200611-0003/", "https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce%40lists.fedoraproject.org/message/IYGLFEKG45EYBJ7TPQMLWROWPTZBEU63/"], "fixes": [], "products": [{"name": "systemd", "path": "vulns/ubuntu-pro-16.04-lts/systemd", "ecosystem": "Ubuntu:Pro:16.04:LTS"}]}, {"id": "CVE-2019-9619", "noindex": false, "published": "2019-09-19T20:15:00Z", "modified": "2026-10-17T12:56:10.599224411Z", "cvss": null, "cvss_vector": "", "severity": "unknown", "epss": null, "kev": false, "exploits": [], "stacks": [{"name": "system", "path": "vulns/stack/system", "slug": "system"}], "path": "vulns/cve-2019-9619", "title": "UBUNTU-CVE-2019-9619", "description": "Rejected reason: DO NOT USE THIS CANDIDATE NUMBER. ConsultIDs: none. Reason: This candidate was withdrawn by its CNA. Further investigation showed that it was not a security issue. Notes: none", "references": ["https://ubuntu.com/security/CVE-2019-9619", "https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2019-9619", "https://osv.dev/vulnerability/UBUNTU-CVE-2019-9619"], "fixes": [], "products": [{"name": "systemd", "path": "vulns/ubuntu-pro-16.04-lts/systemd", "ecosystem": "Ubuntu:Pro:16.04:LTS"}]}, {"id": "CVE-2017-18078", "noindex": false, "published": "2018-01-29T05:00:00.000Z", "modified": "2024-08-05T21:13:47.523Z", "cvss": 7.8, "cvss_vector": "", "severity": "high", "epss": 0.01065, "kev": false, "exploits": ["exploitdb"], "stacks": [{"name": "system", "path": "vulns/stack/system", "slug": "system"}], "path": "vulns/cve-2017-18078", "title": "CVE-2017-18078", "description": "systemd-tmpfiles in systemd before 237 attempts to support ownership/permission changes on hardlinked files even if the fs.protected_hardlinks sysctl is turned off, which allows local users to bypass intended access restrictions via vectors involving a hard link to a file for which the user lacks write access, as demonstrated by changing the ownership of the /etc/passwd file.", "references": ["http://lists.opensuse.org/opensuse-updates/2018-02/msg00109.html", "http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2018/01/29/3", "https://www.exploit-db.com/exploits/43935/"], "fixes": [], "products": [{"name": "systemd", "path": "vulns/ubuntu-pro-16.04-lts/systemd", "ecosystem": "Ubuntu:Pro:16.04:LTS"}]}, {"id": "CVE-2017-1000082", "noindex": false, "published": "2017-07-07T17:00:00.000Z", "modified": "2024-08-05T21:53:06.254Z", "cvss": 9.8, "cvss_vector": "", "severity": "critical", "epss": 0.03878, "kev": false, "exploits": [], "stacks": [{"name": "system", "path": "vulns/stack/system", "slug": "system"}], "path": "vulns/cve-2017-1000082", "title": "CVE-2017-1000082", "description": "systemd v233 and earlier fails to safely parse usernames starting with a numeric digit (e.g. \"0day\"), running the service in question with root privileges rather than the user intended.", "references": ["https://github.com/systemd/systemd/issues/6237", "http://www.securitytracker.com/id/1038839", "http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/99507"], "fixes": [], "products": [{"name": "systemd", "path": "vulns/ubuntu-pro-16.04-lts/systemd", "ecosystem": "Ubuntu:Pro:16.04:LTS"}]}], "total": 13, "unknown_count": 0, "release_unconfirmed": false, "page": 1, "pages": 1, "filtered": false, "noindex": false, "filters": {}, "page_size": 20, "products": [{"name": "systemd", "path": "vulns/ubuntu-pro-16.04-lts/systemd", "ecosystem": "Ubuntu:Pro:16.04:LTS"}], "stacks": [{"name": "system", "path": "vulns/stack/system", "slug": "system"}, {"name": "web", "path": "vulns/stack/web", "slug": "web"}, {"name": "php", "path": "vulns/stack/php", "slug": "php"}, {"name": "python", "path": "vulns/stack/python", "slug": "python"}, {"name": "node", "path": "vulns/stack/node", "slug": "node"}, {"name": "database", "path": "vulns/stack/database", "slug": "database"}, {"name": "containers", "path": "vulns/stack/containers", "slug": "containers"}, {"name": "network", "path": "vulns/stack/network", "slug": "network"}, {"name": "applications", "path": "vulns/stack/applications", "slug": "applications"}], "versions": [], "stats": {"recent": 0, "kev": 0}, "lastmod": "2026-10-17T12:56:10.599224411Z", "early_advisories": [], "license": "You may freely use the PatchFirst selection and our additions (priorities, early warnings, texts, summaries and aggregates) for your own purposes, including internal business use. Resale, commercial distribution and bulk mirroring of this selection or these additions require a written agreement with the operator. Whenever you use or publish the selection or our additions, credit PatchFirst (https://patchfirst.dev/vulns/) with this link to the regional feed page. Original records from open sources remain subject to their respective licenses and terms. These conditions do not restrict your rights to the original data, which you can obtain directly from those sources.", "terms_url": "https://patchfirst.dev/vulns/#feed-terms", "attribution": {"name": "PatchFirst", "url": "https://patchfirst.dev/vulns/"}, "source_changes": "Records are selected, normalized and combined by PatchFirst; summaries and translations may be added. News is credited with a link to the original source in each entry.", "sources": [{"id": "cve", "name": "CVE List / CVE.org", "url": "https://www.cve.org/", "license": "CVE Terms of Use", "terms_url": "https://www.cve.org/Legal/TermsOfUse", "notice": "Copyright © 1999–2021, The MITRE Corporation. LICENSE Submissions : For all materials you submit to the Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures (CVE™), you hereby grant to The MITRE Corporation (MITRE) and all CVE Numbering Authorities (CNAs) a perpetual, worldwide, non-exclusive, no-charge, royalty-free, irrevocable copyright license to reproduce, prepare derivative works of, publicly display, publicly perform, sublicense, and distribute such materials and derivative works. Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, you provide such materials on an \"AS IS\" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied, including, without limitation, any warranties or conditions of TITLE, NON-INFRINGEMENT, MERCHANTABILITY, or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. CVE Usage : MITRE hereby grants you a perpetual, worldwide, non-exclusive, no-charge, royalty-free, irrevocable copyright license to reproduce, prepare derivative works of, publicly display, publicly perform, sublicense, and distribute Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures (CVE™). Any copy you make for such purposes is authorized provided that you reproduce MITRE's copyright designation and this license in any such copy. DISCLAIMERS ALL DOCUMENTS AND THE INFORMATION CONTAINED THEREIN PROVIDED BY MITRE ARE PROVIDED ON AN \"AS IS\" BASIS AND THE CONTRIBUTOR, THE ORGANIZATION HE/SHE REPRESENTS OR IS SPONSORED BY (IF ANY), THE MITRE CORPORATION, ITS BOARD OF TRUSTEES, OFFICERS, AGENTS, AND EMPLOYEES, DISCLAIM ALL WARRANTIES, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO ANY WARRANTY THAT THE USE OF THE INFORMATION THEREIN WILL NOT INFRINGE ANY RIGHTS OR ANY IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE."}, {"id": "osv", "name": "OSV", "url": "https://osv.dev/", "terms_url": "https://google.github.io/osv.dev/data/", "terms": "Upstream licenses vary; see the source catalog."}, {"id": "kev", "name": "CISA KEV", "url": "https://www.cisa.gov/known-exploited-vulnerabilities-catalog", "license": "CC0-1.0", "terms_url": "https://github.com/cisagov/kev-data/blob/develop/LICENSE"}, {"id": "epss", "name": "FIRST EPSS", "url": "https://www.first.org/epss/", "terms_url": "https://www.first.org/epss/faq", "terms": "Free public scores; attribution requested (FIRST EPSS, scores generated by Empirical Security)."}, {"id": "github-advisory", "name": "GitHub Advisory Database", "url": "https://github.com/advisories", "license": "CC-BY-4.0", "terms_url": "https://github.com/github/advisory-database/blob/main/LICENSE.md"}, {"id": "exploitdb", "name": "Exploit-DB", "url": "https://www.exploit-db.com/", "license": "GPL-2.0", "terms_url": "https://gitlab.com/exploit-database/exploitdb/-/blob/main/LICENSE.md"}, {"id": "metasploit", "name": "Metasploit", "url": "https://github.com/rapid7/metasploit-framework", "license": "BSD-3-Clause", "terms_url": "https://github.com/rapid7/metasploit-framework/blob/master/LICENSE", "notice": "Copyright (c) 2006-2026, Rapid7, Inc.\nLicense: BSD-3-clause\n Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without modification,\n are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:\n .\n * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice,\n this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.\n .\n * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice,\n this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation\n and/or other materials provided with the distribution.\n .\n * Neither the name of Rapid7, Inc. nor the names of its contributors\n may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software\n without specific prior written permission.\n .\n THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS \"AS IS\" AND\n ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED\n WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE\n DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR\n ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES\n (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES;\n LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON\n ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT\n (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS\n SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE."}, {"id": "nuclei", "name": "Nuclei Templates", "url": "https://github.com/projectdiscovery/nuclei-templates", "license": "MIT", "terms_url": "https://github.com/projectdiscovery/nuclei-templates/blob/main/LICENSE.md", "notice": "MIT License\n\nCopyright (c) 2025 ProjectDiscovery, Inc.\n\nPermission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy\nof this software and associated documentation files (the \"Software\"), to deal\nin the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights\nto use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell\ncopies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is\nfurnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:\n\nThe above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all\ncopies or substantial portions of the Software.\n\nTHE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED \"AS IS\", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR\nIMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,\nFITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE\nAUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER\nLIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,\nOUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE\nSOFTWARE."}, {"id": "linux-kernel", "name": "Linux kernel releases", "url": "https://www.kernel.org/", "license": "CC-BY-SA-4.0", "terms_url": "https://www.kernel.org/legal.html", "notice": "Copyright (C) 1997-2014 by The Linux Kernel Organization, Inc."}]}